Cara Membaca Peluang Usaha
Ada berbagai macam cara membaca peluang usaha. Salah satunya dengan melihat peluang usaha apa yang lagi trend di kota besar, terus membawanya ke kota kecil (kalau tinggalnya di kota kecil). Tak dapat dipungkiri, pusat bisnis atau usaha cerminannya adalah kota Jakarta khususnya atau pulau Jawa pada umumnya. Bagi yang tinggalnya di luar ini, misal di Sumatera, bisa membawa usaha besar ke kota domisili. Atau membawa usaha atau mencontek usaha yang sedang berkembang di luar negeri, ke dalam negeri. Ini salah satu cara melihat peluang usaha.
Cara lainnya, bagi yang tinggal di kota kecil, bisa membawa produk kota kecil ke kota besar. Kota-kota kecil mempunyai banyak kerajinan tangan dan merupakan pusat produksinya, biasanya. Nah, di sisi lain, banyak produsen kerajinan ini ataupun produk daerah ini tidak atau kurang memahami cara menjual produk mereka. Di sinilah letak peluangnya. Anda bisa memarketingkan produk2 ini atau di jalur distribusi. Apalagi di zaman internet sekarang ini, ada banyak cara berpromosi atau pemasaran global ke seluruh Indonesia, bahkan dunia. Bagi yang ingin menguasai bidang ini, bisa mengikuti pelatihan usaha di bidang ini. Nah, bagaimana member belajar bisnis dan calon wirausaha? Saya harap tidak ada alasan penghambat untuk mulai wirausaha. Miliki alasan penguat untuk segera memulai.
keinginan memulai usaha, coba saja mulai. Tentukan waktu untuk memulai dan berjuang, jatuh bangun itu pasti, ditolak orang itu pasti Kalau kita gak pernah mencoba, kita gak akan pernah tau hasilnya. karena seorang pebisnis bukanlah yang dicekoki, bukan ilmu pasti, melainkan harus kreatif, inisiatif, berani, sedikit agresif.
Melihat peluang usaha mungkin bagi Anda adalah salah satu hal yang Anda buat pusing selain modal sebelum Anda membuka usaha. Membaca peluang bisnis bukan lah terletak dari jam terbang atau lama kita memperhatikan hal untuk melihat peluang suatu usaha.Pertama-tama kita harus teliti dahulu konsep dari melihat peluang usaha. Apa yang kita inginkan dari melihat peluang usaha atau peluang bisnis? Jenis bisnis atau usaha untuk kita tekuni, benar. Apa yang kita cari dari usaha atau bisnis yang kita tekuni? Tentunya keuntungan, benar. Namun, untuk melihat peluang bisnis tidak sekedar untuk memperoleh jenis bisnis atau usaha yang kita tekuni untuk memperoleh keuntungan.
Untuk melihat peluang bisnis, kita harus melihat beberapa aspek berikut ini:
1. Jenis Usaha. Bukankah kita melihat peluang usaha untuk menentukan jenis usaha? Ya, tentu saja. Tapi bukan itu point yang harus Anda teliti. Maksud saya dari jenis usaha ini adalah jenis usaha bersifat tren, bersifat intuisi Anda, atau juga bersifat lainnya. Seperti yang saya jelaskan di artikel wirausaha lainnya, Anda sebagai wirausahawan harus mempunyai Visi dan Misi. Jika usaha Anda bersifat tren, usaha Anda tidak akan berlangsung lama setelah bergantinya tren jaman, namun usaha Anda akan mempunyai prospek saat tren itu menjadi top topik jaman itu. Jika usaha Anda bersifat intuisi Anda, atau dengan kata lain adalah obsesi, cita-cita Anda, sebaiknya Anda pikirkan ulang dan buat suatu hal yang unik dan berbeda, juga kembangkan bisnis panggilan jiwa (intuisi) Anda tersebut. Pikirkan hal yang sama untuk sifat jenis usaha yang lain yang sedang Anda kaji.
2. Produk Anda. Selain sifat jenis usaha, Anda juga harus melihat produk yang Anda pasarkan. Teliti dan kaji baik-baik, karena Anda akan mendapatkan keuntungan hanya dari produk Anda yang terjual. Apakah produk Anda cepat habis, sehingga pelanggan mempunyai traffic atau perputaran omzet yang banyak? Target Pasar. Produk Anda bisa terjual jika terdapat pasar yang mana produk Anda akan terjual di dalamnya. Tentukan pasar, atau tempat entah itu kota lain, pulau lain, bahkan ekspor ke negara lain jika perlu agar produk Anda terjual.
3. Usaha Di Sekitar Anda. Jika Anda sudah menemukan jenis usaha Anda, mengkaji produk Anda dan temukan pasar, Anda harus melihat satu aspek lagi, yaitu melihat usaha di sekitar Anda. Banyaknya pesaing mengakibatkan produk Anda kurang terjual, bahkan yang mengerikan adalah tidak terjualnya produk Anda. Kita harus melihat para pesaing dan kita harus yakin kita akan berhasil, terlebih kita harus mencobanya! Jangan takut mencoba, karena kita tahu bahwa langkah yang jauh dimulai dari langkah pertama.
Setelah melihat 4 aspek penting untuk melihat peluang usaha tadi, kita bisa yakin menentukan jenis usaha yang akan kita tekuni. Jika Anda merasa tidak yakin dengan jenis usaha yang Anda dapatkan, cobalah temukan jenis usaha yang lain. Lebih baik Anda membuat jurnal atau sekedar membuat coret-coretan untuk membandingkan jenis-jenis usaha..
Salah Satu Hal Penting Bagi Yang Punya Keinginan Untuk Memulai Usaha
Nah, bagi yang sudah punya keinginan kuat untuk memulai usaha, lanjutkanlah dengan mencoba atau memulai. Jangan cuma sebatas ingin. Coba saja mulai. Temukan alasan yang kuat kenapa pemirsa mau berwirausaha, mau membangun bisnis. Untuk apa? untuk siapa? Setelah itu, mulai mencari ide usaha, untuk cara mencari ide usaha atau bidang usaha apa yang akan dipilih, Salah satu sumber ide usaha adalah lingkungan sekitar pemirsa. Selanjutnya buatlah planningnya, siapa /dimana targetnya, bagaimana cara promosinya, ketahui peta persaingan : kelebihan dan kekurangan usaha orang lain dan kelebihan dan kekurangan usaha yang akan pemirsa bangun.
Nah, point yang ingin saya sharingkan di sini adalah, bagi yang sudah lama punya keinginan memulai usaha, coba saja mulai. Tentukan waktu untuk memulai dan berjuang, jatuh bangun itu pasti, ditolak orang itu pasti Kalau kita gak pernah mencoba, kita gak akan pernah tau hasilnya. karena seorang pebisnis bukanlah yang dicekoki, bukan ilmu pasti, melainkan harus kreatif, inisiatif, berani, sedikit agresif.
Sabtu, 24 September 2011
Rabu, 30 Maret 2011
Indirect Speech or Reported Speech
Direct Speech / Quoted Speech
Saying exactly what someone has said is called direct speech (sometimes called quoted speech)
Here what a person says appears within quotation marks ("...") and should be word for word.
For example:
"Today's lesson is on presentations," she said.
Top
Indirect Speech / Reported Speech
Indirect speech (sometimes called reported speech), doesn't use quotation marks to enclose what the person said and it doesn't have to be word for word.
When reporting speech the tense usually changes. This is because when we use reported speech, we are usually talking about a time in the past (because obviously the person who spoke originally spoke in the past). The verbs therefore usually have to be in the past too.
For example:
Direct speech Indirect speech
"I'm going to the cinema", he said. He said he was going to the cinema.
Top
Tense change
As a rule when you report something someone has said you go back a tense: (the tense on the left changes to the tense on the right):
Direct speech Indirect speech
Present simple
She said, "It's cold." › Past simple
She said it was cold.
Present continuous
She said, "I'm teaching English online." › Past continuous
She said she was teaching English online.
Present perfect simple
She said, "I've been on the web since 1999." › Past perfect simple
She said she had been on the web since 1999.
Present perfect continuous
She said, "I've been teaching English for seven years." › Past perfect continuous
She said she had been teaching English for seven years.
Past simple
She said, "I taught online yesterday." › Past perfect
She said she had taught online yesterday.
Past continuous
She said, "I was teaching earlier." › Past perfect continuous
She said she had been teaching earlier.
Past perfect
She said, "The lesson had already started when he arrived." › Past perfect
NO CHANGE - She said the lesson had already started when he arrived.
Past perfect continuous
She said, "I'd already been teaching for five minutes." › Past perfect continuous
NO CHANGE - She said she'd already been teaching for five minutes.
Modal verb forms also sometimes change:
Direct speech Indirect speech
will
She said, "I'll teach English online tomorrow." › would
She said she would teach English online tomorrow.
can
She said, "I can teach English online." › could
She said she could teach English online.
must
She said, "I must have a computer to teach English online." › had to
She said she had to have a computer to teach English online.
shall
She said, "What shall we learn today?" › should
She asked what we should learn today.
may
She said, "May I open a new browser?" › might
She asked if she might open a new browser.
!Note - There is no change to; could, would, should, might and ought to.
Direct speech Indirect speech
"I might go to the cinema", he said. He said he might go to the cinema.
You can use the present tense in reported speech if you want to say that something is still true i.e. my name has always been and will always be Lynne so:-
Direct speech Indirect speech
"My name is Lynne", she said. She said her name was Lynne.
or
She said her name is Lynne.
You can also use the present tense if you are talking about a future event.
Direct speech (exact quote) Indirect speech (not exact)
"Next week's lesson is on reported speech ", she said. She said next week's lesson is on reported speech.
Top
Time change
If the reported sentence contains an expression of time, you must change it to fit in with the time of reporting.
For example we need to change words like here and yesterday if they have different meanings at the time and place of reporting.
Today + 24 hours - Indirect speech
"Today's lesson is on presentations." She said yesterday's lesson was on presentations.
Expressions of time if reported on a different day
this (evening) › that (evening)
today › yesterday ...
these (days) › those (days)
now › then
(a week) ago › (a week) before
last weekend › the weekend before last / the previous weekend
here › there
next (week) › the following (week)
tomorrow › the next/following day
In addition if you report something that someone said in a different place to where you heard it you must change the place (here) to the place (there).
For example:-
At work At home
"How long have you worked here?" She asked me how long I'd worked there.
Top
Pronoun change
In reported speech, the pronoun often changes.
For example:
Me You
"I teach English online." She said she teaches English online.
Top
Reporting Verbs
Said, told and asked are the most common verbs used in indirect speech.
We use asked to report questions:-
For example: I asked Lynne what time the lesson started.
We use told with an object.
For example: Lynne told me she felt tired.
!Note - Here me is the object.
We usually use said without an object.
For example: Lynne said she was going to teach online.
If said is used with an object we must include to ;
For example: Lynne said to me that she'd never been to China.
!Note - We usually use told.
For example: Lynne told me that she'd never been to China.
There are many other verbs we can use apart from said, told and asked.
These include:-
accused, admitted, advised, alleged, agreed, apologised, begged, boasted, complained, denied, explained, implied, invited, offered, ordered, promised, replied, suggested and thought.
Using them properly can make what you say much more interesting and informative.
For example:
He asked me to come to the party:-
He invited me to the party.
He begged me to come to the party.
He ordered me to come to the party.
He advised me to come to the party.
He suggested I should come to the party.
Top
Saying exactly what someone has said is called direct speech (sometimes called quoted speech)
Here what a person says appears within quotation marks ("...") and should be word for word.
For example:
"Today's lesson is on presentations," she said.
Top
Indirect Speech / Reported Speech
Indirect speech (sometimes called reported speech), doesn't use quotation marks to enclose what the person said and it doesn't have to be word for word.
When reporting speech the tense usually changes. This is because when we use reported speech, we are usually talking about a time in the past (because obviously the person who spoke originally spoke in the past). The verbs therefore usually have to be in the past too.
For example:
Direct speech Indirect speech
"I'm going to the cinema", he said. He said he was going to the cinema.
Top
Tense change
As a rule when you report something someone has said you go back a tense: (the tense on the left changes to the tense on the right):
Direct speech Indirect speech
Present simple
She said, "It's cold." › Past simple
She said it was cold.
Present continuous
She said, "I'm teaching English online." › Past continuous
She said she was teaching English online.
Present perfect simple
She said, "I've been on the web since 1999." › Past perfect simple
She said she had been on the web since 1999.
Present perfect continuous
She said, "I've been teaching English for seven years." › Past perfect continuous
She said she had been teaching English for seven years.
Past simple
She said, "I taught online yesterday." › Past perfect
She said she had taught online yesterday.
Past continuous
She said, "I was teaching earlier." › Past perfect continuous
She said she had been teaching earlier.
Past perfect
She said, "The lesson had already started when he arrived." › Past perfect
NO CHANGE - She said the lesson had already started when he arrived.
Past perfect continuous
She said, "I'd already been teaching for five minutes." › Past perfect continuous
NO CHANGE - She said she'd already been teaching for five minutes.
Modal verb forms also sometimes change:
Direct speech Indirect speech
will
She said, "I'll teach English online tomorrow." › would
She said she would teach English online tomorrow.
can
She said, "I can teach English online." › could
She said she could teach English online.
must
She said, "I must have a computer to teach English online." › had to
She said she had to have a computer to teach English online.
shall
She said, "What shall we learn today?" › should
She asked what we should learn today.
may
She said, "May I open a new browser?" › might
She asked if she might open a new browser.
!Note - There is no change to; could, would, should, might and ought to.
Direct speech Indirect speech
"I might go to the cinema", he said. He said he might go to the cinema.
You can use the present tense in reported speech if you want to say that something is still true i.e. my name has always been and will always be Lynne so:-
Direct speech Indirect speech
"My name is Lynne", she said. She said her name was Lynne.
or
She said her name is Lynne.
You can also use the present tense if you are talking about a future event.
Direct speech (exact quote) Indirect speech (not exact)
"Next week's lesson is on reported speech ", she said. She said next week's lesson is on reported speech.
Top
Time change
If the reported sentence contains an expression of time, you must change it to fit in with the time of reporting.
For example we need to change words like here and yesterday if they have different meanings at the time and place of reporting.
Today + 24 hours - Indirect speech
"Today's lesson is on presentations." She said yesterday's lesson was on presentations.
Expressions of time if reported on a different day
this (evening) › that (evening)
today › yesterday ...
these (days) › those (days)
now › then
(a week) ago › (a week) before
last weekend › the weekend before last / the previous weekend
here › there
next (week) › the following (week)
tomorrow › the next/following day
In addition if you report something that someone said in a different place to where you heard it you must change the place (here) to the place (there).
For example:-
At work At home
"How long have you worked here?" She asked me how long I'd worked there.
Top
Pronoun change
In reported speech, the pronoun often changes.
For example:
Me You
"I teach English online." She said she teaches English online.
Top
Reporting Verbs
Said, told and asked are the most common verbs used in indirect speech.
We use asked to report questions:-
For example: I asked Lynne what time the lesson started.
We use told with an object.
For example: Lynne told me she felt tired.
!Note - Here me is the object.
We usually use said without an object.
For example: Lynne said she was going to teach online.
If said is used with an object we must include to ;
For example: Lynne said to me that she'd never been to China.
!Note - We usually use told.
For example: Lynne told me that she'd never been to China.
There are many other verbs we can use apart from said, told and asked.
These include:-
accused, admitted, advised, alleged, agreed, apologised, begged, boasted, complained, denied, explained, implied, invited, offered, ordered, promised, replied, suggested and thought.
Using them properly can make what you say much more interesting and informative.
For example:
He asked me to come to the party:-
He invited me to the party.
He begged me to come to the party.
He ordered me to come to the party.
He advised me to come to the party.
He suggested I should come to the party.
Top
Rabu, 23 Februari 2011
Adverbial Clause
Adverbial Clause
Adverbial clause is a clause that functions as an adverb adverbial clause begins with the subordinating conjunctions which pertained conjunctions .
The type of adverb clauses :
1. Clause of Time
Is a clause which states the times adverb such as after, before, no so, while.
Example :
• Shut the door before you go out.
• You may begin when(ever) you are ready.
• While he was walking home, he saw an accident.
• By the time I arrive, Alex will have left.
• No sooner had she entered than he gave an order.
2. Clause of Place
Is a clause which states the place adverb such us where, nowhere, anywhere, wherever.
Example :
• They sat down wherever they could find empty seats
• The guard stood where he was positioned.
• Where there is a will, there is a way.
• Where there is poverty, there we find discontent and unrest.
• Go where you like.
3. Clause of Contrast (or Concession)
Adverb is a clause stating opposition, such us although, though, even though, whereas, even if, in spite of, as the time.
Example :
• As the time you were sleeping, we were working hard.
• Mary wanted to stop, whereas I wanted to go on.
• Although it is late, we'll stay a little longer.
• He is very friendly, even if he is a clever student.
4. Clause of Manner
Adverb is a clause stating how, such us how, like, in that.
Example :
• He did as I told him.
• You may finish it how you like.
• They may beat us again, like they did in 1978.
5. Clause of Purpose and Result
Adverb is a clause which states the effect, such us (in order) that, so that, in the hope that, to the end that, lest, in case.
Example :
• They went to the movie early (in order) to find the best seats.
• She bought a book so (that) she could learn English
• He is saving his money so that he may take a long vacation.
• I am working night and day in the hope that I can finish this book soon.
6. Clause of Cause and Effect
Adverb is a clause which states the effect.
Example :
• Ryan ran so fast that he broke the previous speed record.
• It was so cold yesterday that I didn't want to swim.
• The soup tastes so good that everyone will ask for more.
• The student had behaved so badly that he was dismissed from the class.
Adverbial clause is a clause that functions as an adverb adverbial clause begins with the subordinating conjunctions which pertained conjunctions .
The type of adverb clauses :
1. Clause of Time
Is a clause which states the times adverb such as after, before, no so, while.
Example :
• Shut the door before you go out.
• You may begin when(ever) you are ready.
• While he was walking home, he saw an accident.
• By the time I arrive, Alex will have left.
• No sooner had she entered than he gave an order.
2. Clause of Place
Is a clause which states the place adverb such us where, nowhere, anywhere, wherever.
Example :
• They sat down wherever they could find empty seats
• The guard stood where he was positioned.
• Where there is a will, there is a way.
• Where there is poverty, there we find discontent and unrest.
• Go where you like.
3. Clause of Contrast (or Concession)
Adverb is a clause stating opposition, such us although, though, even though, whereas, even if, in spite of, as the time.
Example :
• As the time you were sleeping, we were working hard.
• Mary wanted to stop, whereas I wanted to go on.
• Although it is late, we'll stay a little longer.
• He is very friendly, even if he is a clever student.
4. Clause of Manner
Adverb is a clause stating how, such us how, like, in that.
Example :
• He did as I told him.
• You may finish it how you like.
• They may beat us again, like they did in 1978.
5. Clause of Purpose and Result
Adverb is a clause which states the effect, such us (in order) that, so that, in the hope that, to the end that, lest, in case.
Example :
• They went to the movie early (in order) to find the best seats.
• She bought a book so (that) she could learn English
• He is saving his money so that he may take a long vacation.
• I am working night and day in the hope that I can finish this book soon.
6. Clause of Cause and Effect
Adverb is a clause which states the effect.
Example :
• Ryan ran so fast that he broke the previous speed record.
• It was so cold yesterday that I didn't want to swim.
• The soup tastes so good that everyone will ask for more.
• The student had behaved so badly that he was dismissed from the class.
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